Big Five Basic Trait Clusters Essay Example for Free

Big Five Basic Trait Clusters Essay In the general field of psychology, the concept of trait of each individual comprises collectively their attitude, behavior, motivational factor, and other significant characteristics relative to their individuality. These specific traits manifest and determine dominantly their actions, perception, and other reasoning in which the characteristics of their trait become the foundation of their personality. In particular to this field, the empirical field of psychology establishes five major personality traits significant in the determination and classification of personality characteristics. These major classifications are established based on the manifested characteristic of the involved individual and its influence on the person’s social characteristics and behavior. In the empirical field of psychology, the five major trait clusters are established as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The trait characteristic of openness is mainly related to the affiliation and sensitivity of the person towards the field of art, adventure, emotion, unusual ideas and eccentricity, with a commonly heightened passion for creativity and imagination. The trait of conscientiousness display great tendency towards self-discipline, responsibility, ductility in action and behavior, and inclination towards achievements. The trait of extraversion is characterized dominantly by restfulness, positive emotion, and a significant motivation from social companionship. The fourth trait namely agreeableness display great tendency towards being compassionate and cooperative towards others with minimal antagonistic behavior in their social relationship. The last trait cluster namely neuroticism is characterized by the person’s susceptibility to unpleasant emotions such as vulnerability towards depression, anger, behavioral instability, and anxiety. Considering the characteristics and fundamental concepts behind each behavioral cluster, this author particularly find much connection towards the group classification of openness and conscientiousness manifested with the behavior and personality of this author. Based on personal assessment, among the dominant behavior of this author are his artistic expressionism, adventurous personality, imaginative design, ingenuity, and a great value towards curiosity. Based on this, this author determine that he is inclined towards an opened behavioral trait yet, his perception towards personal responsibility and discipline makes him also a conscientious person. Based on these factors, the author of this paper belongs to both traits with an equal manifestation of their characteristics. Bibliography Wiggins, Jerry S. (1996). The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives. The Guilford Press. 1st Edition. ISBN-10: 157230068X.

Challenges in Caring for Dementia Patients

Challenges in Caring for Dementia Patients INTRODUCTION Dementia consists of a lot of symptoms that include lowering ability to do routine or familiar tasks, impairment of the memory, reasoning and judgment, behavior and mood changes. However, treatments are not yet available for the progressive, irreversible, dementias in which nerve cells in the brain become sick and eventually die. People experiencing dementia have been entitled the right to enjoy the highest possible quality of care and quality of life by engaging in meaningful relationships which are based on trust, respect, sharing, understanding, dignity and. TASKS These are the principles involving the person-centered approach on older people with dementia and other common geriatric health problems with respect to the following: Individuality Each and everyone are unique and do have different moral stance, ideologies, philosophies, social outlook, and even likes and dislikes in life. Approaching an individual that has dementia through a person centered type; one must acknowledge the person’s history, interests and hobbies and respect the person’s whole uniqueness. Emphasize the moral worth of people with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. Rights Every person is empowered and entitled to human rights. It is important to protect people with dementia against people who might want to harm them. Knowing the rights of the person and respecting them allows the person with dementia maintain their dignity. Choice Regardless of the level of physical or physical impairment people with dementia, families and friends are supported and encouraged in partaking in the decision making and care at the way they choose. This includes the respecting their choices that are dealt in simple things they do every day. Privacy Every individual has the right to hold information about them from being exposed. The person has the control if they allow others to gain information or details about themselves. Privacy of the person should be respected and not to be spread for his honor and reputation. Independence Encouraging people with dementia to participate as much as possible on the physical activities on a daily basis. Maintaining the strength and flexibility on the person with dementia will promote independence. One activity that can help maintain the person’s strength and flexibility is physiotherapy. Dignity and Respect – Just like any other individual, people that have dementia or any other common geriatric health conditions are people first. Their choices and perspectives are to be honored and heed. They have an inherent value and dignity which must remain with them throughout the whole course of the disease and should be respected at all times. It is appropriate to include in the planning and delivery of care their families, their beliefs, spiritual backgrounds and values of people with dementia. Autonomy – Person with dementia or any other common geriatric medical condition should have the opportunity to create informed decisions about the treatments and care that are provided, and in collaboration with their healthcare professionals. Review of the non-person-centered approach to dementia and other common geriatric health condition’s care, from the: Institution perspective There are various implemented activities are created together in a single rational plan purposely to meet the official objectives and goals of the institution. There are many aspects that this perspective encompasses to sustain the well being and health of the person with dementia; such as their physical and social environment. Bio-medical perspective This mainly focuses on diagnosing and treating the person with dementia. It concentrates on the person’s behavior and symptoms and finds ways to lessen these through drug studies and treatments. Biomedical perspective means that the cause of symptoms and behaviors is assumed to be the individual involved. A biomedical understanding of dementia is necessary in guaranteeing the person has a correct diagno sis, to provide treatment and support from memory clinics and to gain the latest and most proper medical treatments. Range of techniques used to meet the wavering abilities and the needs of individuals with dementia and other common geriatric medical conditions to maintain their health and well being: Reality-oriented approach Reality orientation is a therapy that lessens the feeling of memory loss, confusion and mental disorientation and also better the self-esteem of the person with dementia. This involves displaying of information such as current dates, events, location, and names of people. And thus reinforced by orientation cues such as sign posts, photos, color coded doors, weather boards and labels on cupboards. Validation approach Validation approach is a therapy that places emphasis on the probable thoughts and feelings behind the behavior of the person, and rather than forcing the person to be in our reality, it propose that we are to join with the reality of that person. Validation therapy may suggest that we ask her questions about the family of the person with dementia, such as what the person misses most about his family and what is his favorite family get together. With this therapy, the response to a scenario may pertain not castigating the person and accepting the concerns of the person with dementia, but also communicating about their issues and bit by bit steering the conversation in a different direction. This will help them acknowledge the meaning of their feelings and thoughts and that it would reduce their distress. Assistive technologies Assistive technology would refer to any system or device that provides the person with dementia to carry out a task that they find difficult and unable to do, or maximise comfort and will provide safety with any activity can do. These devices will help people who have medical conditions with: eyesight, hearing, speaking, moving around memory and thought processing activities of daily livingactivities Assistive technology can promoteautonomy and independence, both for the person with dementia and those around them and will help manage potential risks in and around the home, facilitates the memory and will help improve their quality of life even with dementia or any other common geriatric medical condition. Reminiscence techniques This technique involves re-experiencing and recalling the persons events especially that matter in his lives. This technique uses talking about the things from his past using familiar objects, sounds and photos. This technique respects the life of the individual’s character and life story to improve in depression, loneliness and further the individual’s psychological wellness. Holistic approach Holistic approach takes into account the specific needs of each individual, may it be physical, emotional, and social aspect of the person with dementia. Properly eliminating the potential problems surrounding the individual such as lighting, noise clutter and tweaks can minimize anxiety and agitation of a person with dementia. The care plans in holistic type of approach is looking at specific need of the person with dementia, the individual should be involved in the design of the services, tailored according to their needs and meeting their aspirations in order to guarantee that the health care facilities will be able to provide the proper care to give to the person with dementia. Responsive and flexible approach Responsive and flexible approach can be used to help handle individuals in many of the behavioral conditions that are involving dementia, such as aggression, delusional thinking, and depression. It is acknowledging the independence of the person and focus on what suits the individual. It is more on matching the activity to the individual and lessens the emphasis on the completion of person care tasks at particular time rather than coercing them. The impacts of equality, and cultural and diversity issues on the provision of the person-centered approach to individuals with dementia and other common geriatric conditions within the: Public health and promotion There are heaps of organisations that promote health and provide support people with dementia. And organisations such as the World Health Organisation collaborates with government bodies around the world in order raise global awareness about people who are experiencing dementia and the support they need. Organisations such as The Health Foundation, made it a priority in advocating for action on proper treatment, intervention, and care for the individuals. These organisations aid in dissemination of these information about the people with dementia and the demand of care that these individual needs will better the services in health care facilities. Attitudes to health and demand for healthcare The increase of demand of health care and the outsourcing of health care professionals from other countries is due to the ageing population of the country. The ageing population increases the demand of health care professionals in rest homes, hospitals, nursing homes and other health care facilities The impacts that health sector standard and codes of practice and other published standards have on the person-centered practice approach for individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. The person centered type of approach concentrates on individuals rather than on the health condition. A person-centered type of approach to dementia and other common geriatric health problems acknowledges each individual are unique and have different values, personal history and behavior and that each individual has an equal right to be treated with respect, right to dignity, and the right to fully participate in their environment. Understanding and respecting the person with dementia will help the health care sectors provide a very effective and efficient health care service. RECOMMENDATION Person – centered type of approach in the health care sectors towards people with dementia or any other common geriatric health conditions will provide an efficient and effective health and social facilities, in which it involves understanding and respecting these individuals. Demonstrating sensitivity, seeking to engage with them through their aspirations and values, and understanding their spiritual, social and cultural background will provide a great help in improving the services in the health sectors. Maintaining and monitoring regularly these health care practices must be observed in order to provide the appropriate amount of care to give in the health care facilities. CONCLUSION Believing that providing support to people with dementia and experiencing these hurdles in life is an important part of being a health care professional. Understanding these individuals and respecting their social backgrounds, rights, privacy, uniqueness, dignity, independence and their value as a human being is a very important aspect in providing care towards people with dementia or even people with any other common medical conditions. I believed health care facilities specializing people with dementia will dramatically improve the health care services through applying the person centered type of approach towards their clients. BIBLIOGRAPHY Electronic Sources AlzheimerSociety. Guideline for care: Person centred care of people with dementia living incare homes. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.alzheimer.ca/en/About-dementia/For-health-care-professionals/~/media/Files/national/Culture-change/culture_change_framework_e.ashx LeadingAge. Building a Person Centered Culture for Dementia Care. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.leadingage.org/Building_a_Person-Centered_Culture_for_Dementia_Care_V3N5.aspx The Dementia Services Development Centre. An Educational Resource to Support Early Interventions for People receiving a Diagnosis of Dementia. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/media/351619/early_interventions_dementia_education_resource.pdf Julian Hughes. Models of Dementia Care: Person – Centered, Palliative and Supportive. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.fightdementia.org.au/common/files/NAT/Paper_35_web_v2.pdf Alzheimer’s Association. Respect for Autonomy. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.alz.org/documents_custom/statements/respect_for_autonomy.pdf Alzheimer Scotland. Dementia: autonomy and decision – making Putting into practice. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Dementia_autonomy%20_decision-making.pdf Alzheimer’s/Dementia. What Is Person – Centered Care in Dementia?. Retrieved on 08 August 2014 from http://alzheimers.about.com/od/caregiving/fl/What-Is-Person-Centered-Care-in-Dementia.htm Alzheimer’s Society. Understanding and respecting the person with dementia. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=84 Alzheimer’s Association. Personal care: Assisting a person in the middle or late stage of dementia with daily needs. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from https://www.alz.org/national/documents/brochure_personalcare.pdf NHS choices. How is dementia treated?. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dementia-guide/Pages/dementia-treatment.aspx Keep In Mind. Holistic Dementia Care Solutions. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://keepinmindinc.com/holistic-dementia-solutions/ StudyMode. Promote Person – Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Promote-Person-Centred-Approaches-In-Health-And-1577167.html National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia: Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg42/chapter/person-centred-care Alzheimer’s Association. Assistive Technology. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://www.alz.org/library/downloads/search_assistivetechnology.pdf Inclusive Solution. SEN Draft Code of Practice 2014 – Person – Centred Planning. Retrieved on 09 August 2014 from http://inclusive-solutions.com/sen-draft-code-of-practice-2014-person-centred-planning/

From All the Women Caught in a Flaring Light :: Gay Lesbian

From All the Women Caught in a Flaring Light Imagine a big room of women doing anything,playing cards, having a meeting, the rattle of paper or coffee cups or chairs pushed back,the loud and quiet murmur of their voices, women leaning their heads together. If we leaned in at the door and I said, Those women are mothers, you wouldn’t be surprised, except at me for pointing out the obvious fact. Women are mothers, aren’t they? So obvious. For My Daughter Who Is Not Mine When all the women in my life are mothers, what else can I aspire to be? Aren’t motherhood and womanhood so intricately interwoven so as to run into one another, to become one another? What kind of woman are you if you can’t add to the discussions in the doctor office waiting rooms about nursing this child or that through this malady or that? What kind of woman are you if you can’t re-tell the story of labor and delivery, recounting the hours, the pain, the excess or lack of your child’s hairiness over a church picnic while eating cold fried chicken and coleslaw? What kind of woman are you if you can’t feel the contradiction between the satisfaction of a job well done and the sorrow at a loss for being necessary when your child moves away from home? What else could I be but a mother? So, I am a mother, and yet am also not one, because I can tell these stories about my child with only partial knowledge. I am a non-biological mother of a child with tw o mothers, making my position ambiguous when I share my parenting stories publicly; though, at home, when Aedin calls out â€Å"Momma,† I’m all too happy to be the one she’s calling. The most common question we hear in public is â€Å"who’s the mother?† as people look back and forth between Rachel and me, obviously confused. It’s been asked matter-of-factly by doctors for their charts, shyly by new acquaintances out of curiosity, brazenly by total strangers out of nosiness, and sometimes not even spoken, but implied by a wide range of people knitting their brows in our direction in public places. When I’m out alone with Aedin, no one asks this question; I’m sure Rachel has the same experience. Now that Aedin is verbal, she answers based upon how the person asks it; since I’m her Momma and Rachel is her Mommy, she answers accordingly, but she only looks at them with confusion if they use an ambiguous word such as Mom or Mother.

Handmaids Tale :: essays papers

Handmaids Tale In what ways can The Handmaid&rsquos Tale be considered a feminist novel? The Handmaid&rsquos Tale is narrated by an oppressed woman, so it is to be expected that feminism becomes a recurring theme. Women have no rights or money unless they have a valid marriage to a man. They are given few options&ndash if they are fertile they can become sex slaves&ndash&lsquo womb on legs&rsquo to Commanders or choose to go to the colonies. Infertile women or&lsquo unwomen&rsquo are seen as having no use so they automatically go to the colonies where they will die from disease or radiation. Their use and status is totally dependent on their relationships with men and ability to have children. Women are used by men and treated as far inferior, in Gilead women are the men&rsquos property. The handmaids especially&ndash&lsquo We are a commodity&rsquo, their names in the household reflect this&ndash Offred&ndash Of Fred. They can be disposed of at will, even the Commander&rsquos Wives have little real importance and are given menial tasks such as ordering prayers at Soul Scrolls and knitting the Guardians scarves&ndash&lsquo Maybe it&rsquos just something to keep the Wives busy, to give them a sense of purpose&rsquo. But this concept of women being extensions and property of men is one used in our own society. Though mostly out dated now,&lsquo Mrs Peter Watson&rsquo is similar to&lsquo Ofglen&rsquo. But practically all terms for women are the extension of the term for men&ndash Mr/s, fe/male, wo/man. This leads to the idea that Atwood is really just exaggerating the current situation of the world. The second quote at the beginning of the book from Swift&rsquos&lsquo A Modest Proposal&rsquo indicates that The Handmaid&rsquos Tale is Atwood&rsquos own satirical view of present times. In an interview Atwood says&lsquo theres nothing in the text that hasn&rsquot already happened&rsquo. The third quote&ndash&lsquo There is no sign in the desert that says&lsquo Thou shalt not eat stones&rsquo&rsquo indicates that she believes Gilead could never come into existence because of the common sense of people, no one could really believe in its philosophy and beliefs, the society&rsquos flaws are too apparent. Another interpretation of the novel is that it is a reaction against any idea that the woman&rsquos place is in the home, that her sole use is one of reproduction. It demonstrates where these views could lead if encouraged or entertained. It gives the idea that men would act that way if given the power, that they would like to be in control and superior. That although men outwardly accept and respect women, inwardly they do not see them as equals&lsquo I sense in him (the Commander) none of the

Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   A tragic hero is usually a person of high esteem or social ranking cursed with a flaw or obsession that will eventually lead to their demise. Macbeth is a tragic hero. Examining the events that occur as Macbeth travels the typical path of a tragic hero easily supports this claim.    Before Macbeth is even introduced to the audience, Duncan and Ross speak of his greatness. When it is discovered that the Thane of Cawdor has surrendered, Duncan decides to give Macbeth this title: "What he hath lost noble Macbeth hath won" (1.2.70). This lets the audience see Macbeth's rank, which starts him in the right direction for a tragic hero.    As Macbeth starts to believe the prophecies of the witches that he will be the Thane of Cawdor, Glamis, and the King, the audience starts to see his obsession with his destiny: "Stars, hide your fires;/ Let not light see my black and deep desires" (1.4.50-51). This great ambition will turn into the flaw that hurtles Macbeth to his demise.    Macbeth is convinced, partly by his own ambition and partly ...

John Locke on Property Essay

In the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes about the right to private property. In the chapter which is titled â€Å"Of Property† he tells how the right to private property originated, the role it plays in the state of nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights play after the establishment of government.. In this chapter Locke makes significant points about private property. In this paper I will summarize his analysis of the right to private property, and I will give my opinion on some of the points Locke makes in his book. According to Locke, the right to private property originated when God gave the world to men. Locke makes the argument that when God created the world for man, he gave man reason to make use of the world to the best advantage of life, and convenience. What he means by that is, that God made this world for man, and when he made it he gave man the right to use what is in this world to his benefit. Locke explains that every man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person. The author states that â€Å"whatsoever then he removes out of the state of nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property (Locke pg. 19)†. What Locke means by that statement is that once a person removes something out of its original state of nature that something becomes that persons property. After someone gains this property are there any limitations on that property? Locke believes that there are limitations on that property. Locke believes that God has given us all things richly, and that man may use those things as long as he takes what he needs. Men can have property as long as they obtained it rightfully, and as long as they use discretion. If those limitations were overlooked when the person was getting the property the property was not obtained rightfully. In the chapter the rights of property, Locke tells the role that the invention of money plays in property rights. Money was invented because people were abusing their property rights. With the creation of money things were given value, and this invention prevented people from taking more than they could afford. Money was an invention that men could keep without spoiling. Men could exchange money for truly useful, but perishable supports of life. This invention plays a big role in the property rights. Now that there is money people have to use that money to get what they need instead of taking whatever they want as was the case before the invention of money. According to Locke, individual property rights change after government was established. He believes that in governments, the laws regulate the right of property, and the possession of land is determined by positive constitutions. Before the establishment of government Americans had the rights to property as long as they used it before it spoiled, and as long as they didn’t take more than they needed, and as long as they obtained it rightfully. After government, there were laws and restrictions pertaining to property. These laws and restrictions were established to secure protection of those who had property. I believe that some of Locke’s views on the rights to private property are right. I agree with his thoughts of the way property rights originated, the limitations he said were placed on property rights, and his thoughts of why money was invented. I also agree with his take on the role property rights played after government was established. I think that government plays a very important part in the protection of property. Without the laws that are made by the government there would be many problems with property rights. People still have the right to have any property they want as long as they can afford it and as long as it is obtained properly. The points that Locke makes in the chapter Of property are very important and pertain to North American society today. I feel that he was extremely accurate in some of his views and he is an important figure in world history.

Deviant Act Project: Visit to a Grocery Store

For my act of deviance I chose to go to a grocery store and attempt to pay for my groceries ignoring the line at the checkout counter. So one day I went to my local grocery store. After filling my shopping cart I headed towards checkout area. The closer I was getting there, the more vulnerable and hesitant felt. I was almost ready to give up this whole Idea when I got to the line, but then I heard: â€Å"Next person In line! † from a cashier on the right who has Just opened her checkout station. I quickly pushed my cart to that register and noticed a person (who was next in line to check UT) also going to that newly-opened register.I got there faster and put my first item on the counter. Nobody said anything to me. Several other people from the line moved to this cash register and formed a new line. I was putting my groceries on the counter. In the middle of me taking the groceries out of the cart I looked at the person standing next in line after me. This was a middle-aged wo man. With a frown on her face she stared straight back at me but did not say anything. I have also noticed that a person behind her was staring too. They both were not Just looking at e, they were staring in disapproval. I just smiled and turned back.I made sure I took my time at the register: I had a lot of groceries in my cart. I paid and left. Waiting line itself has been recognized to be a social system. The leading rule for this social system Is the First In First Out (FIFO) rule and all Intrusions are deviations from the norm. (Allan, Gad and Hanna, Reran. 2010. Cutting in Line: Social Norms in Queues. ) When waiting in line, we expect people also to wait their turn. When someone decides to cut in line: they violate a social norm. All those people In line must have en interested in enforcing conformity to the norm.Nobody likes to wait in lines and I am sure that they all would prefer to check out and leave the store faster. They clearly saw that I have Jumped the line but thos e stares and a frown were the only sanctions I have got for breaking the norm. I did not feel comfortable breaking the norm. It was hard to predict how exactly people would react to me and what kind of sanctions I would have to face. I am not sure what I would do if I got sanctioned in some other way, other than getting those stares and a frown. I don't know If I would Just tell the truth about my school assignment or if I would try to Justify my actions by lying.Now, if somebody would try to behave the same way in a country, where lines etiquette is different or does not exist at all, than this behavior would not be normal for people in a queue to let an old person go and check out first and not wait in line. Also, there was an example in our text book where author told us about his experience at one of the African countries where people would Just push or shove toward the ticket man if they needed to buy a ticket for a bus or train. (Heinlein, James M. 2011. Essentials of Sociolog y. A Down-to-Earth Approach. )